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Early agriculture in South Asia

Eleanor Kingwell-Banham

A superb chapter from Cambridge Histories Online of the very complicated development of agriculture in the subcontinent, which is really the story of four different developments, in the northwest (including the Indus valley), north (the Gangetic plains), south and east, each with different timelines, crops and animal husbandry to account for. >

Setting the wheels in motion: Re-examining ceramic forming techniques in Indus Civilisation villages in northwest India

  • Indus wheel fragments
Alessandro Ceccarelli

"The discovery of the rotational capabilities of the wheel was one of the most significant human inventions, and wheel-enhanced rotation is now pervasive in the tools and machines that we use in our everyday lives. Importantly, the wheel was a major contributor to a range of developments in craft production technology, perhaps most visibly in the various forms of potter’s rotational devices and wheels." >

Diversity, variability, adaptation and ‘fragility’ in the Indus Civilization

Cameron A. Petrie

A superb framing of how we might think of the Indus civilization and its evolution as a larger entity in comparison and contrast with other ancient civilizations. How did Indus cities fit into a rural context? Were they ruled by elites? How did they manage to survive so long? What can we say about … >

Multi-cropping, Intercropping and Adaptation to Variable Environments in Indus South Asia

  • Hypothetical areas within the Indus zone
Cameron A. Petrie

A comprehensive look at what we know about agricultural strategies during the ancient Indus period, and how truly varied and sophisticated these most likely were, with careful adaptation to local conditions and water availability. As the authors write, "The South Asian subcontinent stands out as a … >

Recurring summer and winter droughts from 4.2-3.97 thousand years ago in north India

Alena Giesche

This highly technical and scientific paper brings together all the recent evidence from Dharamjali Cave in the Himalayas over a 230 year period around 2000 BCE, when the ancient Indus civilization was in decline, to show "that repeated intensely dry periods spanned multiple generations. The record highlights the deficits in winter and summer rainfall during the urban phase of the Indus Civilization, which prompted adaptation through flexible, self- reliant, and drought-resistant agricultural strategies." >

Animal movement on the hoof and on the cart and its implications for understanding exchange within the Indus Civilisation

  • Animals Indus Valley
Cameron A. Petrie

It seems to be an adage around the ancient Indus research that solving one mystery simply surfaces another. This is the case with this paper. It takes on the question of ground – land – transportation in ancient Indus times only to find that larger answers around transport remain fuzzy. We know tha… >

Feeding ancient cities in South Asia: dating the adoption of rice, millet and tropical pulses in the Indus civilisation

  • The region across which Indus-period settlements are distributed
Cameron A. Petrie

An investigation of the agricultural practices that supported the rise of the Indus civilization by focusing on summer and winter crops used at settlements in the Rakhigarhi, Haryana area, particularly Masudpur VII and Masudpur I. >

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