Environment

Articles concerned with regional climate, geology, rivers, land formations, environmental conditions and the effects the environment itself had on the ancient Indus Valley Civilization.

The Prehistory of Sindh and Las Bela (Balochistan): Thirty years of surveys and excavations (1985-2014)

Paolo Biagi
It has really only been since the 1980s that a more comprehensive picture of the wide and deep roots of Indus civilization in the larger Sindh and Balochistan region have become apparent. Mehrgarh did not spring out of nowhere but was embedded in a region where fishing, shell collecting, flint mining and other crafts were present and flourishing at different times.

Pedology and Late Quaternary Environments Surrounding Harappa: A Review and Synthesis

Map of flood zones in Pakistan
Ronald Amundson
A review and explanation of the regional climate, geology, and environment which historically influenced the life and culture of the Harappan peoples. "A review and synthesis of pertinent pedological, geological, and paleoenvironmental studies in the vicinity of Harappa (District Sahiwal, Punjab,

Adaptation to Variable Environments, Resilience to Climate Change

Cameron A. Petrie
An important contribution synthesizing many fields of research. The authors write: "This paper will explore the nature and dynamics of adaptation and resilience in the face of a diverse and varied environmental and ecological context using the case study of South Asia’s Indus Civilization (ca. 3000–1300 BC), and although it will consider the Indus region as a whole, it will focus primarily on the plains of northwest India."