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Seals

Articles on seals, cylinders, and their inscriptions from the ancient Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization.

Shu-ilishu's Cylinder Seal

Gregory L. Possehl

A Mesopotamian cylinder seal referring to the personal translator of the ancient Indus or Meluhan language, Shu-ilishu, who lived around 2020 BCE during the late Akkadian period. >

Indus Administrative Technology - New Insights on Harappan Stamp Seals and their Impressions on Clay Tags

Dennys Frenez

A richly illustrated slide journey through seals and sealings, how and why they were used in other ancient civilizations, and primarily what we might know and deduce about their use in ancient Indus cities. Dennys Frenez has been studying a large group of accidentally fired Lothal sealings for many years, and is joined by other distinguished archaeologists in what was originally a symposium on bead and seal technologies at the University of Padua, Italy, in 2019. >

Iconography of the Indus Unicorn: Origins and Legacy

Jonathan Mark Kenoyer

A detailed look at the unicorn icon on Indus objects, incorporating the latest findings, even incomplete ones like the unicorn figurines shown from Ganweriwala. >

The Indus Talc-Faience Complex: Types of Materials, Clues to Production

Heather M.L. Miller

"Talcose stone was used primarily to make beads, seals and tokens, but also for inlay pieces, small figurines and sculptures. In contrast to faience, massive talc was not commonly used to produce either small vessels or bangles. Massive talc was also sometimes glazed, particularly the beads, usuall… >

Finding Harappan seal carvers: An operational sequence approach to identifying people in the past

Adam S. Green

The author describes how engravings on Harappan stamp seals allow the identification of particular artisans in the past and explains how 3D optical microscopy can be used on these engravings to reconstruct how past production events were undertaken by different individual carvers. >

Indus zoomorphism and its avatars

M. V. Bhaskar

A technical paper which rewards the follower with valuable insights and serves, on a platter as it were, some complex puzzles in Indus iconography for further cogitation to the reader. >

The westward transmission of Indus Valley sealing technology: origin and development of the ‘Gulf Type’ seal and other administrative technologies in Early Dilmun, c.2100–2000 BC

Steffen Terp Laursen

A very interesting and informative article that starts bringing the adjacent ancient state of Dilmun on the Arabian Gulf (many of the finds have been in present day Bahrain) to light, and what must have been a very rich trade and cultural relationship with ancient Indus cities. >

The Short-Horned Bull on the Indus Seals: a Symbol of the Families in the Western Trade?

  •  flat square double sided seal
Massimo Vidale

A superb, thought-provoking paper by one of the most imaginative and interesting of ancient Indus archaeologists, able to reconcile the bigger picture with data and suppositions that often fit together very nicely. They certainly do in this paper. >

Indus Seals and Glyptic Studies: An Overview

Asko Parpola

A proof of this upcoming survey article by the dean of Indus script scholarship, Asko Parpola, is now available on Academia.edu; it will be published in the highly anticipated Seals and Sealing in the Ancient World (Cambridge, 2018). >

Fish Symbolism in Indus Valley Epigraphy and Protohistoric Accounts

Shamashis Sengupta

The writer, who teaches at CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay in France, has come up with a paper rich in historical and epigraphical associations that complexify and simplify thinking about one of the most important signs on Indus seals, "nearly ten percent of all textual matter." >

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  • Alam, Iqtedar
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