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Writing

Articles on inscriptions, the script or sign system, iconography and writing in the Indus Valley Civilization from the earliest appearances of potters marks on. Includes articles by leading scholars of the Indus script, including Asko Parpola and Iravatham Mahadevan.

Interpreting the Indus Script: The Dravidian Solution

Iravatham Mahadevan

The Convocation Address of February 26, 2015 at the Dravidian University in Kuppam reflects on similarities between the Indus script and later Dravidian culture. With a number of illustrations and discussions of recent finds in south India. >

Proto-Elamite Writing in Iran

  • Map of the archaeological sites
Francois Desset

Early writing or sign systems were fragile. They could disappear leaving seemingly little trace in the systems that followed. This is true of the ancient Indus sign system. It is also true of the proto-Elamite one. >

How did the ‘great god’ get a ‘blue neck’?

Iravatham Mahadevan

A remarkable bilingual clue to the Indus script is examined. >

The Harappan Unicorn in Eurasian and South Asian perspectives

Asko Parpola

"My conclusion," writes the Indus script scholar Asko Parpola, "is that the Indian Rsyasrnga legend goes back to the Harappan religion, where the unicorn bull depicted on thousands of seals has a real local animal, the nilgai antelope, called rsya in Sanskrit. His single horn, the length of which is exaggerated, has a phallic connotation and emphasizes the importance of this animal as a symbol of fertility." >

Debt and inequality: Comparing the "means of specification" in the early cities of Mesopotamia and the Indus civilization

  • Photograph of an Indus seal from each side
Adam S. Green

"Debt lurks in the shadow of reciprocity," is the wonderful starting sentence of this paper. Highly theoretical, it opens up important questions about seals in the ancient Indus and Mesopotamian civilizations and their role in the system of administrative control which helped integrate society at the dawn of urban civilization. >

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