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Ancient Indus civilization articles which can be downloaded and read as PDF files from this site.

Metal Craft of Harappan Culture: A Cast Study at Binjor

Sanjay Kumar Manjul

An interesting paper about a recently excavated center of metallurgy in Bijnor, Rajasthan. >

Prehistoric Balochistan: Cultural Developments in an Arid Region

Ute Franke

"It has become clear that Balochistan can neither be perceived as a border nor as a frontier; but rather as a core area with its own dynamics and characterised by regionally distinctive styles." >

Social change at the Harappan settlement of Gola Dhoro: a reading from animal bones

Brad Chase

"A detailed analysis of the animal bone assemblage at Gola Dhoro here throws light on the expansion of the Indus civilisation into Gujarat. A square fort, imposed on a settlement of livestock herders in the later third millennium BC, was shown to have contained people who introduced a broader diet of meat and seafood, and new ways of preparing it. These social and dietary changes were coincident with a surge in craft and trade." >

Indus zoomorphism and its avatars

M. V. Bhaskar

A technical paper which rewards the follower with valuable insights and serves, on a platter as it were, some complex puzzles in Indus iconography for further cogitation to the reader. >

Archaeological Field Research in Pakistan since Independence: An overview

M. Rafique Mughal

This 1990 article from the Deccan College Bulletin's Memorial volume for H.D. Sankalia, an eminent Indian archaeologist, is a summary in one place of the archaeological work done in Pakistan after 1947. Much of this is relevant to wider than national boundaries. >

Sabarmati and its connection with the Harappan port Lothal and the Nal corridor: A study using multi-sensor data, cloud-computing and multi-platforms

  • Study area map
Ekta Gupta

Was the ‘dockyard’ at Lothal a ‘dockyard’ or not? An in-depth look at this question in a true multi-dimensional manner is long overdue. This study seeks to revisit the dockyard hypothesis by examining Lothal from a landscape perspective, using advanced techniques such as multi-sensor remote sensing, cloud computing, and digital elevation models. >

Wheeled Vehicles of the Indus Valley Civilization

  • Toy cart from Nausharo, Harappan period
Jonathan Mark Kenoyer

The paper's central argument is straightforward and important: the wheeled bullock cart of the Indus Valley was an indigenous invention, not a technology diffused from Mesopotamia or Central Asia, as earlier colonial-era scholars once assumed. >

Uncovering the Keys to the Lost Indus Cities

Jonathan Mark Kenoyer

In an ongoing attempt to understand how the now vanished people of the Indus culture ordered their society and to determine the sources of political, economic, military and ideological (religious) power in this remarkably extensive and urbanized state, the authors draw clues from the miscellaneous material they dig up and from the layout and architecture of the cities and settlements that were excavated. >

The Paleolithic settlement of Sindh (Pakistan): A review

  • Paleolithic Sindh
Paolo Biagi

A review of recent research and findings in Sindh, and a review of a book on the larger Paleolithic Settlement of Asia over the past 100,000 years. >

A Diachronic Examination of Lithic Exchange Networks During the Urban Transformation of Harappa

Randall Law

The origins of manufacturing debris recovered from different periods of occupation between 3300 BCE and 1700 BCE at Harappa can now be identified with a high degree of certainty thanks to geologic source provenance studies. >

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Articles by Subject (48)
  • Agriculture
  • Animals
  • Archaeological History
  • Archaeologists
  • Architecture
  • Beads
  • Cemeteries and Burials
  • Ceramics
  • Crafts
  • Culture
  • Decline
  • Dilmun
  • Environment
  • Evolution
  • Excavations
  • Figurines
  • Fishing
  • Flint
  • Food
  • Games
  • Gender
  • Harappa
  • Kulli Culture
  • Manufacture
  • Mesolithic Period
  • Music
  • Nal
  • Natural Resources
  • Neolithic
  • New Discoveries
  • Ornaments
  • Pottery
  • Raw Materials
  • Religion
  • Rock Art
  • Script
  • Seals
  • Steatite
  • Stoneware
  • Technology
  • Textiles
  • Tools
  • Toys
  • Trade
  • Unicorn
  • Urbanism
  • Water
  • Writing
Articles by Place (54)
  • Afghanistan
  • Ahar Banas [Rajasthan]
  • Allahdino
  • Amri
  • Arabia
  • Bagasra
  • Balakot
  • Balathal
  • Balochistan
  • Binjor
  • BMAC
  • Central Asia
  • Chanhu-daro
  • Dholavira
  • Dilmun
  • Dilmun (Bahrain)
  • Farmana
  • Gujarat
  • Halil Rud
  • Harappa
  • Haryana
  • Iran
  • Kalibangan
  • Karanpura
  • Kashmir
  • Khambat
  • KPK (NWFP)
  • Lakhan Jo Daro
  • Lothal
  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Margiana
  • Mehrgarh
  • Mesopotamia
  • Mitathal
  • Mohenjo-daro
  • Mundigak
  • Oman
  • Oxus
  • Pak
  • Punjab
  • Rajasthan
  • Rakigarhi
  • Rohri Mines
  • Rojdi
  • Sanauli
  • Shahr-i Sokhta
  • Shikarpur
  • Shortugai
  • Sindh
  • Sonari
  • Sutkagen Dor
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Trade
  • Uttar Pradesh
Articles by Author (300)
  • Alam, Iqtedar
  • Khan, F. A.
  • Abe, Yoshinari
  • Adhikari, Ronojoy
  • Ajithprasad, P.
  • Al-Jahwari, Nasser S.
  • Ameri, Marta
  • Amundson, Ronald
  • Arbuckle, Benjamin S.
  • Aruz, Joan
  • Ashraf, Md. Izhar
  • Atturu, Deva
  • Baidya, Abu Saeed
  • Bakry, A.
  • Balakrishnan, R.
  • Balasubramaniam, Chitra
  • Balista, Claudio
  • Baqri, Syed Rafiqul Hassan
  • Barba, Federica
  • Basak, Shubjam
  • Bates, Jennifer
  • Beaubien, Harriet F.
  • Beaudry, Marilyn P.
  • Belcher, Wayne R.
  • Belcher, William R.
  • Betts, Alison
  • Bhan, Kuldeep
  • Bhaskar, M. V.
  • Bhattacharya, Ujjwal
  • Biagi, Paolo
  • Blevins, K. Elaine
  • Bolger, Diane
  • Bondioli, Luca
  • Bosch, David
  • Bosch, Leslie
  • Bryson, Reid A.
  • Burton, James H.
  • Buylaert, Jan-Pieter
  • Cable, Charlotte M.
  • Cárdenas, Marc
  • Carter, Alison
  • Carter, Andrew
  • Carter, R. A.
  • Carter, Savannah
  • Caspers, Elisabeth C.L. During
  • Cattani, Maurizio
  • Ceccarelli, Alessandro
  • Chakrabarti, Dilip K.
  • Chase, Brad
  • Chatterjee, Malavika
  • Chattopadhyay, Pranab K.
  • Choi, Jungwoo
  • Clark, J. Desmond
  • Clark, Sharri R.
  • Conesa, Francesc C.
  • Coningham, Robin
  • Coppa, Alfredo
  • Cork, Edward
  • Cortesi, E.
  • Cox, Brett
  • Craig, Oliver E.
  • Cremaschi, Mauro
  • Cubas, Miriam
  • Dales, George F.
  • Dangi, Vivek
  • Daniell, Rachel
  • Dave, Vasant
  • David-Cuny, Helene
  • Davis, Mary A.
  • Decaix, Alexia
  • Densmore, Alexander L.
  • Desset, Francois
  • Didier, Aurore
  • Dixit, Vaishnavi
  • Dixit, Yama
  • Douglas, Khaled A.
  • Dubova, Nadezhda A.
  • Dupree, Louis
  • Esposti, Michele Degli
  • Fantuzzi, Tiziano
  • Franco, Carlo
  • Franke, Ute
  • French, Charly A. I.
  • Frenez, Dennys
  • Fuller, Dorian Q.
  • Gadekar, Charusmita
  • Garbe, Lisa
  • Garcia, Arnau
  • García-Granero, Juan José
  • Garrett, Zenobie S.
  • Gasparotto, Giorgio
  • Ghauri, Zubair Shafi
  • Giesche, Alena
  • Giosan, Liviu
  • Girod, Alberto
  • Glascock, Michael D.
  • Good, Irene
  • Gray, Kelsey
  • Green, Adam S.
  • Jade d'Alpoim Guedes
  • Guha, Sudeshna
  • Guida, Giuseppe
  • Gupta, Ekta
  • Gupta, Sanjeev
  • Haerinck, Ernie
  • Haider, Romana
  • Haquet, Jerome F.
  • Hemphill, Brian E.
  • Henny, A. S.
  • Heron, Carl P.
  • Hesein, Mohammed
  • Heydari, M.
  • Higham, T.
  • Hobbs, Franklin
  • Hoddell, David A.
  • Hoffman, Brett C.
  • Hong, Jong Ha
  • Hritz, Carrie
  • Hussain, Nushrat
  • Jadhav, Nilesh
  • Jain, Mayank
  • Jain, Vikrant
  • James, Nathaniel
  • Jamison, Gregg M.
  • Jarrige, Jean-François
  • Jogelkar, P. P.
  • Joglekar, Hrishikesh
  • Jones, Penelope J.
  • Kamenov, George D.
  • Kashyap, Arunima
  • Kazi, M. Mukhtiar
  • Kennedy, K.A.R.
  • Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark
  • Khan, Aurangzeb
  • Kim, Yong Jun
  • Kimbrough, C. K.
  • Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor
  • Knox, J. Robert
  • Krigbaum, John
  • Krishnan, K.
  • Kumar, Manmohan
  • Lancelotti, Carla
  • Laursen, Steffen Terp
  • Law, Randall
  • Lazzari, A.
  • Leach, Alexandra
  • Lee, , W. J.
  • Lemmen, Carsten
  • Lentz, David L.
  • Lightfoot, E.
  • Lombardo, Giovanni
  • Lovell, Nancy
  • Lukacs, John R.
  • Mackay, Dorothy
  • Mackay, Ernest
  • Madella, Marco
  • Mahadevan, Iravatham
  • Mahajan, Sangeeta
  • Majid, Jaseera C.
  • Malik, Arun
  • Mandal, D.
  • Manjul, Arvin
  • Manjul, Sanjay Kumar
  • Manuel, Mark
  • Mariottini, Maurizio
  • Mark, Darren F.
  • Mason, Philippa J.
  • Mazuy, Arnaud
  • Meadow, Richard H.
  • Meiggs, David
  • Mery, Sophie
  • Michniak, Ryszard
  • Mille, Benoit
  • Miller, Heather M.L.
  • Miller, Heidi J.
  • Mishra, Vimal
  • Misra, V. D.
  • Misra, V. N.
  • Mitra, Debasis
  • Mohanty, R. K.
  • Moraleda-Cibrián, Nuria
  • Moulherat, Christophe
  • Mughal, M. Rafique
  • Mukhopadhyay, Bahata Ansumali
  • Muller, Wolfgang
  • Munshi, Avadreep
  • Murray, Andrew S.
  • Mushrif-Tripathy, V.
  • Mutin, Benjamin
  • Nakai, Izumi
  • Narasimhan, Vagheesh M
  • Nava, Allessia
  • Negrino, Fabio
  • Neumayer, Erwin
  • News, Dawn
  • Nisbet, Renato
  • T. C. O'Connell
  • Tamsin C. O'Connell
  • Oh, Chang Seok
  • Oldijam, Eric
  • Orengo, Hector A.
  • Otarola-Castillo, Erik
  • Pal, Dipak C.
  • Pal, J.N.
  • Pandey, Lalit
  • Panyam, Amrithavalli
  • Parikh, Danika
  • Parpola, Asko
  • Patel, Ambika
  • Patterson, Nick J
  • Paul, Debajyoti
  • Pendall, Elise
  • Petrie, Cameron A.
  • Pisan, Alessandra
  • Possehl, Gregory L.
  • Prabhakar, V. N.
  • Pracejus, Bernhard
  • Price, T. Douglas
  • Priori, Gianfranco
  • Quinn, P. S.
  • Quivron, Gonzague
  • Raczek, Teresa R.
  • Rahmstorf, Lorenz
  • Rajagopalan, Balaji
  • Rajesh, S.V.
  • Rao, Rajesh P. N.
  • Ratnagar, Shereen
  • Reade, Julian
  • Reddy, Seetha N.
  • Regert, Martine
  • Rizvi, Uzma Z.
  • Robinson, Andrew
  • Rogersdotter, Elke
  • Roux, P. le
  • Salvatori, Sandro
  • Sankhyan, A. R.
  • Schug, Gwen Robbins
  • Schug, Malcolm
  • Schuldenrein, Joseph
  • Sengupta, Shamashis
  • Sharma, Bhanu Prakash
  • Sharma, G.R.
  • Sher, G. M.
  • Shin, Dong Hoon
  • Shinde, Vasant
  • Shirataki, Junko
  • Shirvalkar, Prabodh
  • Sidoti, Giancarlo
  • Singh, Ajit
  • Singh, Ravindra N.
  • Sinha, Rajiv
  • Sinha, Sitabhra
  • Siviero, Anna
  • Smith, Monica L.
  • Solanki, Hiren
  • Sonawane, V. H.
  • Spataro, Michela
  • Spate, Michael
  • Starnini, Elisabetta
  • Strolin, Laura
  • Sucuoglu, Can
  • Sugandhi, Namita S.
  • Suryanarayan, Akshyeta
  • Tengberg, Margareta
  • Thirumalai, Kaustubh
  • Thomsen, Kristina J.
  • Thornton, Christopher P.
  • Tombret, Olivier
  • Tosi, M.
  • Toyoma, Kanac
  • Tufail, Kaiser
  • Turner, A. Keith
  • Uesugi, Akinori
  • Vahia, Mayank
  • Valentine, Benjamin
  • Varma, Supriya
  • Veesar, G. Mohiuddin
  • Verardi, Giovanni
  • Vermaak, Petrus S.
  • Vidale, Massimo
  • Villanueva, Joan
  • Villasana, Isabell
  • Vreeze, Michel de
  • Waele, An De
  • Waghmare, Pranjali
  • Walker, Joanna R.
  • Wankowski, Jacek
  • Weber, Steve
  • Weeks, Lloyd
  • Williams, Kimberly D.
  • Woo, Eun Jin
  • Wright, Rita P.
  • Xu, Huifang
  • Yadav, Nisha
  • Yadav, Yogesh
  • Yamahana, Kyoko
  • Yatoo, Mumtaz
  • Zahir, Muhammad
  • Zazzo, Antoine
  • Zhang, Guilin
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