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Ancient Indus civilization articles which can be downloaded and read as PDF files from this site.

Bead Replicas: An Alternative to Antique Bead Collecting

Jonathan Mark Kenoyer

Passed from generation to generation as heirloorns, many beads link the past to the present, and over time, such antique beads gain incredible value because of their historical significance and in some cases, spiritual powers. >

Faunal Remains and Urbanism at Harappa

  • Diagram for cattle bones from Nausharo
Richard H. Meadow

Excavations at the third millennium BCE urban site of Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan) have produced a large quantity of mammal bone remains. Two features of this material-bone measurements and density of bone in excavation units are considered from the point of view of using aspects of assemblage variability to document faunal exploitation and site formation processes. >

Three End-Scrapers from Mohenjo-Daro (Pakistan)

  • Stone debitage and tools from Mohenjo-daro
Massimo Vidale

The evidence and theories surrounding three chert end-scrapers which were discovered on the surface of Mohenjo-Daro. Wear patterns as well traces of an organic substance found in the grooves offer insight into the original uses of the artifacts. >

The Lothal Revisitation Project. A Fine Thread Connecting Ancient India to Contemporary Raveena

  • Lothal Conception
Dennys Frenez

The full story of excavations at Lothal, including the 2008-2009 revisitation project which included satellite imagery and magnetic surveys indicating the presence of interesting structures for a future excavation project. The author, at the University of Bologna in Italy, wrote his thesis on the m… >

Associations and Ideologies in the Locations of Urban Craft Production at Harappa, Pakistan (Indus Civilization)

  • Bridging crafts - faience
Heather M.L. Miller

In this article, Heather Miller explains how looking at craft production location with respect to civic organization provides insights into possible associations between crafts, as well as general Indus attitudes toward the placement of manufacturing within city centers. >

A new approach to tracking connections between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia: initial results of strontium isotope analyses from Harappa and Ur

Jonathan Mark Kenoyer

An important paper that shows how strontium isotope analysis can help reveal the interactions between and migrations of people in ancient times. The authors write: "Human tooth enamel from Harappa and Ur was analyzed for strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotopes. Teeth from animals, such as pig and sh… >

The distribution and role of Harappan ‘headdress’ figurines and Harappan socio-political organisation

Jacek Wankowski

Another look at the "Mother Goddess" interpretation of female figurines from the ancient Indus Valley, in this case those remarkable ones with various elaborate headdresses. Once again, an author, this time in Australia, comes away unimpressed by this simplistic equation. >

Indus Mortuary Behavior: Between Action and Symbolic Meaning

Gwen Robbins Schug

"This chapter [in the forthcoming book Pratnamani: Felicitation Volume for Professor Vasant Shinde, 2020] explores previously reported variation in the mortuary practices of two Indus cities—Rakhigarhi and Harappa—to describe the typical range of variation for Indus cemeteries." >

The Important Stone and Metal Resources of Gujarat during the Harappan Period

Randall Law

"In the year 2000," writes the author, "I initiated a large‐scale effort to identify the geologic sources from which peoples of the Indus Civilization (ca. 2600 to 1900 BC) acquired rock and mineral resources." >

Craniofacial reconstruction of the Indus valley civilization individuals found at 4500-year-old Rakhigarhi cemetery

  • Craniofacial reconstruction of the Indus valley civilization individuals
Lee, W. J.

The first cranio-facial reconstructions of two bodies found in an Indus-era cemetery in Rakigarhi were published not too long ago; both subjects, known as 7.2 A1 BR02 and 7.2 A2 BR36 are shown above. >

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Articles by Subject (48)
  • Agriculture
  • Animals
  • Archaeological History
  • Archaeologists
  • Architecture
  • Beads
  • Cemeteries and Burials
  • Ceramics
  • Crafts
  • Culture
  • Decline
  • Dilmun
  • Environment
  • Evolution
  • Excavations
  • Figurines
  • Fishing
  • Flint
  • Food
  • Games
  • Gender
  • Harappa
  • Kulli Culture
  • Manufacture
  • Mesolithic Period
  • Music
  • Nal
  • Natural Resources
  • Neolithic
  • New Discoveries
  • Ornaments
  • Pottery
  • Raw Materials
  • Religion
  • Rock Art
  • Script
  • Seals
  • Steatite
  • Stoneware
  • Technology
  • Textiles
  • Tools
  • Toys
  • Trade
  • Unicorn
  • Urbanism
  • Water
  • Writing
Articles by Place (54)
  • Afghanistan
  • Ahar Banas [Rajasthan]
  • Allahdino
  • Amri
  • Arabia
  • Bagasra
  • Balakot
  • Balathal
  • Balochistan
  • Binjor
  • BMAC
  • Central Asia
  • Chanhu-daro
  • Dholavira
  • Dilmun
  • Dilmun (Bahrain)
  • Farmana
  • Gujarat
  • Halil Rud
  • Harappa
  • Haryana
  • Iran
  • Kalibangan
  • Karanpura
  • Kashmir
  • Khambat
  • KPK (NWFP)
  • Lakhan Jo Daro
  • Lothal
  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Margiana
  • Mehrgarh
  • Mesopotamia
  • Mitathal
  • Mohenjo-daro
  • Mundigak
  • Oman
  • Oxus
  • Pak
  • Punjab
  • Rajasthan
  • Rakigarhi
  • Rohri Mines
  • Rojdi
  • Sanauli
  • Shahr-i Sokhta
  • Shikarpur
  • Shortugai
  • Sindh
  • Sonari
  • Sutkagen Dor
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Trade
  • Uttar Pradesh
Articles by Author (299)
  • F. A. Khan
  • Abe, Yoshinari
  • Adhikari, Ronojoy
  • Ajithprasad, P.
  • Al-Jahwari, Nasser S.
  • Ameri, Marta
  • Amundson, Ronald
  • Arbuckle, Benjamin S.
  • Aruz, Joan
  • Ashraf, Md. Izhar
  • Atturu, Deva
  • Baidya, Abu Saeed
  • Bakry, A.
  • Balakrishnan, R.
  • Balasubramaniam, Chitra
  • Balista, Claudio
  • Baqri, Syed Rafiqul Hassan
  • Barba, Federica
  • Basak, Shubjam
  • Bates, Jennifer
  • Beaubien, Harriet F.
  • Beaudry, Marilyn P.
  • Belcher, Wayne R.
  • Belcher, William R.
  • Betts, Alison
  • Bhan, Kuldeep
  • Bhaskar, M. V.
  • Bhattacharya, Ujjwal
  • Biagi, Paolo
  • Blevins, K. Elaine
  • Bolger, Diane
  • Bondioli, Luca
  • Bosch, David
  • Bosch, Leslie
  • Bryson, Reid A.
  • Burton, James H.
  • Buylaert, Jan-Pieter
  • Cable, Charlotte M.
  • Cárdenas, Marc
  • Carter, Alison
  • Carter, Andrew
  • Carter, R. A.
  • Carter, Savannah
  • Caspers, Elisabeth C.L. During
  • Cattani, Maurizio
  • Ceccarelli, Alessandro
  • Chakrabarti, Dilip K.
  • Chase, Brad
  • Chatterjee, Malavika
  • Chattopadhyay, Pranab K.
  • Choi, Jungwoo
  • Clark, J. Desmond
  • Clark, Sharri R.
  • Conesa, Francesc C.
  • Coningham, Robin
  • Coppa, Alfredo
  • Cork, Edward
  • Cortesi, E.
  • Cox, Brett
  • Craig, Oliver E.
  • Cremaschi, Mauro
  • Cubas, Miriam
  • Dales, George F.
  • Dangi, Vivek
  • Daniell, Rachel
  • Dave, Vasant
  • David-Cuny, Helene
  • Davis, Mary A.
  • Decaix, Alexia
  • Densmore, Alexander L.
  • Desset, Francois
  • Didier, Aurore
  • Dixit, Vaishnavi
  • Dixit, Yama
  • Douglas, Khaled A.
  • Dubova, Nadezhda A.
  • Dupree, Louis
  • Esposti, Michele Degli
  • Fantuzzi, Tiziano
  • Franco, Carlo
  • Franke, Ute
  • French, Charly A. I.
  • Frenez, Dennys
  • Fuller, Dorian Q.
  • Gadekar, Charusmita
  • Garbe, Lisa
  • Garcia, Arnau
  • García-Granero, Juan José
  • Garrett, Zenobie S.
  • Gasparotto, Giorgio
  • Ghauri, Zubair Shafi
  • Giesche, Alena
  • Giosan, Liviu
  • Girod, Alberto
  • Glascock, Michael D.
  • Good, Irene
  • Gray, Kelsey
  • Green, Adam S.
  • Jade d'Alpoim Guedes
  • Guha, Sudeshna
  • Guida, Giuseppe
  • Gupta, Ekta
  • Gupta, Sanjeev
  • Haerinck, Ernie
  • Haider, Romana
  • Haquet, Jerome F.
  • Hemphill, Brian E.
  • Henny, A. S.
  • Heron, Carl P.
  • Hesein, Mohammed
  • Heydari, M.
  • Higham, T.
  • Hobbs, Franklin
  • Hoddell, David A.
  • Hoffman, Brett C.
  • Hong, Jong Ha
  • Hritz, Carrie
  • Hussain, Nushrat
  • Jadhav, Nilesh
  • Jain, Mayank
  • Jain, Vikrant
  • James, Nathaniel
  • Jamison, Gregg M.
  • Jarrige, Jean-François
  • Jogelkar, P. P.
  • Joglekar, Hrishikesh
  • Jones, Penelope J.
  • Kamenov, George D.
  • Kashyap, Arunima
  • Kazi, M. Mukhtiar
  • Kennedy, K.A.R.
  • Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark
  • Khan, Aurangzeb
  • Kim, Yong Jun
  • Kimbrough, C. K.
  • Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor
  • Knox, J. Robert
  • Krigbaum, John
  • Krishnan, K.
  • Kumar, Manmohan
  • Lancelotti, Carla
  • Laursen, Steffen Terp
  • Law, Randall
  • Lazzari, A.
  • Leach, Alexandra
  • Lee, , W. J.
  • Lemmen, Carsten
  • Lentz, David L.
  • Lightfoot, E.
  • Lombardo, Giovanni
  • Lovell, Nancy
  • Lukacs, John R.
  • Mackay, Dorothy
  • Mackay, Ernest
  • Madella, Marco
  • Mahadevan, Iravatham
  • Mahajan, Sangeeta
  • Majid, Jaseera C.
  • Malik, Arun
  • Mandal, D.
  • Manjul, Arvin
  • Manjul, Sanjay Kumar
  • Manuel, Mark
  • Mariottini, Maurizio
  • Mark, Darren F.
  • Mason, Philippa J.
  • Mazuy, Arnaud
  • Meadow, Richard H.
  • Meiggs, David
  • Mery, Sophie
  • Michniak, Ryszard
  • Mille, Benoit
  • Miller, Heather M.L.
  • Miller, Heidi J.
  • Mishra, Vimal
  • Misra, V. D.
  • Misra, V. N.
  • Mitra, Debasis
  • Mohanty, R. K.
  • Moraleda-Cibrián, Nuria
  • Moulherat, Christophe
  • Mughal, M. Rafique
  • Mukhopadhyay, Bahata Ansumali
  • Muller, Wolfgang
  • Munshi, Avadreep
  • Murray, Andrew S.
  • Mushrif-Tripathy, V.
  • Mutin, Benjamin
  • Nakai, Izumi
  • Narasimhan, Vagheesh M
  • Nava, Allessia
  • Negrino, Fabio
  • Neumayer, Erwin
  • News, Dawn
  • Nisbet, Renato
  • T. C. O'Connell
  • Tamsin C. O'Connell
  • Oh, Chang Seok
  • Oldijam, Eric
  • Orengo, Hector A.
  • Otarola-Castillo, Erik
  • Pal, Dipak C.
  • Pal, J.N.
  • Pandey, Lalit
  • Panyam, Amrithavalli
  • Parikh, Danika
  • Parpola, Asko
  • Patel, Ambika
  • Patterson, Nick J
  • Paul, Debajyoti
  • Pendall, Elise
  • Petrie, Cameron A.
  • Pisan, Alessandra
  • Possehl, Gregory L.
  • Prabhakar, V. N.
  • Pracejus, Bernhard
  • Price, T. Douglas
  • Priori, Gianfranco
  • Quinn, P. S.
  • Quivron, Gonzague
  • Raczek, Teresa R.
  • Rahmstorf, Lorenz
  • Rajagopalan, Balaji
  • Rajesh, S.V.
  • Rao, Rajesh P. N.
  • Ratnagar, Shereen
  • Reade, Julian
  • Reddy, Seetha N.
  • Regert, Martine
  • Rizvi, Uzma Z.
  • Robinson, Andrew
  • Rogersdotter, Elke
  • Roux, P. le
  • Salvatori, Sandro
  • Sankhyan, A. R.
  • Schug, Gwen Robbins
  • Schug, Malcolm
  • Schuldenrein, Joseph
  • Sengupta, Shamashis
  • Sharma, Bhanu Prakash
  • Sharma, G.R.
  • Sher, G. M.
  • Shin, Dong Hoon
  • Shinde, Vasant
  • Shirataki, Junko
  • Shirvalkar, Prabodh
  • Sidoti, Giancarlo
  • Singh, Ajit
  • Singh, Ravindra N.
  • Sinha, Rajiv
  • Sinha, Sitabhra
  • Siviero, Anna
  • Smith, Monica L.
  • Solanki, Hiren
  • Sonawane, V. H.
  • Spataro, Michela
  • Spate, Michael
  • Starnini, Elisabetta
  • Strolin, Laura
  • Sucuoglu, Can
  • Sugandhi, Namita S.
  • Suryanarayan, Akshyeta
  • Tengberg, Margareta
  • Thirumalai, Kaustubh
  • Thomsen, Kristina J.
  • Thornton, Christopher P.
  • Tombret, Olivier
  • Tosi, M.
  • Toyoma, Kanac
  • Tufail, Kaiser
  • Turner, A. Keith
  • Uesugi, Akinori
  • Vahia, Mayank
  • Valentine, Benjamin
  • Varma, Supriya
  • Veesar, G. Mohiuddin
  • Verardi, Giovanni
  • Vermaak, Petrus S.
  • Vidale, Massimo
  • Villanueva, Joan
  • Villasana, Isabell
  • Vreeze, Michel de
  • Waele, An De
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  • Walker, Joanna R.
  • Wankowski, Jacek
  • Weber, Steve
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  • Williams, Kimberly D.
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  • Xu, Huifang
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  • Yadav, Yogesh
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