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Trade

Articles on economics, monetary system, standardized weights and measurements, commerce, and trade of the ancient Indus Valley people and other nearby civilizations

Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery: New Evidence for Site Distribution and Ecologies in the Upper Indus

  • Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery
Rita P. Wright

The landscape and mapping project around the now dry riverbed of the Beas river has cast important light on how ancient riverine settlements and environments interacted with an urban center like Harappa. >

The Indus-Mesopotamia Relationship Reconsidered

Julian Reade

"Recent work on Mesopotamian chronology supports the theory, maybe first proposed by Bibby (1970: 355), that long-distance trade between the two partners was initiated from the Indus." >

Sabarmati and its connection with the Harappan port Lothal and the Nal corridor: A study using multi-sensor data, cloud-computing and multi-platforms

  • Study area map
Ekta Gupta

Was the ‘dockyard’ at Lothal a ‘dockyard’ or not? An in-depth look at this question in a true multi-dimensional manner is long overdue. This study seeks to revisit the dockyard hypothesis by examining Lothal from a landscape perspective, using advanced techniques such as multi-sensor remote sensing, cloud computing, and digital elevation models. >

Regional Interaction in the Prehistoric Indus Valley

Randall Law

The exchange and communication systems that connected distant parts of the Indus Civilization (c. 2600 to 1900 BC) and beyond had roots beginning in the early Neolithic period. >

Notes on Shortugai: A Harappan Site in Northern Afghanistan

Louis Dupree

Dr. Dupree, a noted expert on Afghanistan, presents a summary of the noted Harappan outpost in the Kunduz region of the Oxus Valley, a site which emphasizes the importance of the lapus lazuli trade. >

Konar Sandal South, Nindowari, and Lakhan Jo daro - Beyond the Limits of a Known World

Rita P. Wright

"What were the limits of the known world to the people that inhabited this region during the long prehistory for which we have evidence? What changes did they and their successors experience? What more can we say about the lure of distant lands?" >

Were the Cretulae (Clay Sealings) from the Indus Port Town of Lothal Part of an Administrative Archive? Contextual, Interpretive, and Comparative Evidence

  • First specimens of clay sealings collected from the 1920s
Dennys Frenez

"Once considered in all their components, clay sealings can in fact be key objects for understanding several aspects of the socio-economic organisation of the Indus Civilization," writes the author of this important recent paper built on years of work and thinking about the unique Lothal sealing trove he has done so much to help us understand. >

A Diachronic Examination of Lithic Exchange Networks During the Urban Transformation of Harappa

Randall Law

The origins of manufacturing debris recovered from different periods of occupation between 3300 BCE and 1700 BCE at Harappa can now be identified with a high degree of certainty thanks to geologic source provenance studies. >

Indus Components in the Iconography of a White Marble Cylinder Seal from Konar Sandal South (Kerman, Iran)

Massimo Vidale

A detailed analysis of a rare white marble cylinder seal found at the recently discovered site of Jiroft in south-eastern Iran testifies to the multiple cultural and trade connections between the Indus civilization and its western neighbours. >

The Important Stone and Metal Resources of Gujarat during the Harappan Period

Randall Law

"In the year 2000," writes the author, "I initiated a large‐scale effort to identify the geologic sources from which peoples of the Indus Civilization (ca. 2600 to 1900 BC) acquired rock and mineral resources." >

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Articles by Subject (48)
  • Agriculture
  • Animals
  • Archaeological History
  • Archaeologists
  • Architecture
  • Beads
  • Cemeteries and Burials
  • Ceramics
  • Crafts
  • Culture
  • Decline
  • Dilmun
  • Environment
  • Evolution
  • Excavations
  • Figurines
  • Fishing
  • Flint
  • Food
  • Games
  • Gender
  • Harappa
  • Kulli Culture
  • Manufacture
  • Mesolithic Period
  • Music
  • Nal
  • Natural Resources
  • Neolithic
  • New Discoveries
  • Ornaments
  • Pottery
  • Raw Materials
  • Religion
  • Rock Art
  • Script
  • Seals
  • Steatite
  • Stoneware
  • Technology
  • Textiles
  • Tools
  • Toys
  • Trade
  • Unicorn
  • Urbanism
  • Water
  • Writing
Articles by Place (54)
  • Afghanistan
  • Ahar Banas [Rajasthan]
  • Allahdino
  • Amri
  • Arabia
  • Bagasra
  • Balakot
  • Balathal
  • Balochistan
  • Binjor
  • BMAC
  • Central Asia
  • Chanhu-daro
  • Dholavira
  • Dilmun
  • Dilmun (Bahrain)
  • Farmana
  • Gujarat
  • Halil Rud
  • Harappa
  • Haryana
  • Iran
  • Kalibangan
  • Karanpura
  • Kashmir
  • Khambat
  • KPK (NWFP)
  • Lakhan Jo Daro
  • Lothal
  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Margiana
  • Mehrgarh
  • Mesopotamia
  • Mitathal
  • Mohenjo-daro
  • Mundigak
  • Oman
  • Oxus
  • Pak
  • Punjab
  • Rajasthan
  • Rakigarhi
  • Rohri Mines
  • Rojdi
  • Sanauli
  • Shahr-i Sokhta
  • Shikarpur
  • Shortugai
  • Sindh
  • Sonari
  • Sutkagen Dor
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Trade
  • Uttar Pradesh
Articles by Author (299)
  • F. A. Khan
  • Abe, Yoshinari
  • Adhikari, Ronojoy
  • Ajithprasad, P.
  • Al-Jahwari, Nasser S.
  • Ameri, Marta
  • Amundson, Ronald
  • Arbuckle, Benjamin S.
  • Aruz, Joan
  • Ashraf, Md. Izhar
  • Atturu, Deva
  • Baidya, Abu Saeed
  • Bakry, A.
  • Balakrishnan, R.
  • Balasubramaniam, Chitra
  • Balista, Claudio
  • Baqri, Syed Rafiqul Hassan
  • Barba, Federica
  • Basak, Shubjam
  • Bates, Jennifer
  • Beaubien, Harriet F.
  • Beaudry, Marilyn P.
  • Belcher, Wayne R.
  • Belcher, William R.
  • Betts, Alison
  • Bhan, Kuldeep
  • Bhaskar, M. V.
  • Bhattacharya, Ujjwal
  • Biagi, Paolo
  • Blevins, K. Elaine
  • Bolger, Diane
  • Bondioli, Luca
  • Bosch, David
  • Bosch, Leslie
  • Bryson, Reid A.
  • Burton, James H.
  • Buylaert, Jan-Pieter
  • Cable, Charlotte M.
  • Cárdenas, Marc
  • Carter, Alison
  • Carter, Andrew
  • Carter, R. A.
  • Carter, Savannah
  • Caspers, Elisabeth C.L. During
  • Cattani, Maurizio
  • Ceccarelli, Alessandro
  • Chakrabarti, Dilip K.
  • Chase, Brad
  • Chatterjee, Malavika
  • Chattopadhyay, Pranab K.
  • Choi, Jungwoo
  • Clark, J. Desmond
  • Clark, Sharri R.
  • Conesa, Francesc C.
  • Coningham, Robin
  • Coppa, Alfredo
  • Cork, Edward
  • Cortesi, E.
  • Cox, Brett
  • Craig, Oliver E.
  • Cremaschi, Mauro
  • Cubas, Miriam
  • Dales, George F.
  • Dangi, Vivek
  • Daniell, Rachel
  • Dave, Vasant
  • David-Cuny, Helene
  • Davis, Mary A.
  • Decaix, Alexia
  • Densmore, Alexander L.
  • Desset, Francois
  • Didier, Aurore
  • Dixit, Vaishnavi
  • Dixit, Yama
  • Douglas, Khaled A.
  • Dubova, Nadezhda A.
  • Dupree, Louis
  • Esposti, Michele Degli
  • Fantuzzi, Tiziano
  • Franco, Carlo
  • Franke, Ute
  • French, Charly A. I.
  • Frenez, Dennys
  • Fuller, Dorian Q.
  • Gadekar, Charusmita
  • Garbe, Lisa
  • Garcia, Arnau
  • García-Granero, Juan José
  • Garrett, Zenobie S.
  • Gasparotto, Giorgio
  • Ghauri, Zubair Shafi
  • Giesche, Alena
  • Giosan, Liviu
  • Girod, Alberto
  • Glascock, Michael D.
  • Good, Irene
  • Gray, Kelsey
  • Green, Adam S.
  • Jade d'Alpoim Guedes
  • Guha, Sudeshna
  • Guida, Giuseppe
  • Gupta, Ekta
  • Gupta, Sanjeev
  • Haerinck, Ernie
  • Haider, Romana
  • Haquet, Jerome F.
  • Hemphill, Brian E.
  • Henny, A. S.
  • Heron, Carl P.
  • Hesein, Mohammed
  • Heydari, M.
  • Higham, T.
  • Hobbs, Franklin
  • Hoddell, David A.
  • Hoffman, Brett C.
  • Hong, Jong Ha
  • Hritz, Carrie
  • Hussain, Nushrat
  • Jadhav, Nilesh
  • Jain, Mayank
  • Jain, Vikrant
  • James, Nathaniel
  • Jamison, Gregg M.
  • Jarrige, Jean-François
  • Jogelkar, P. P.
  • Joglekar, Hrishikesh
  • Jones, Penelope J.
  • Kamenov, George D.
  • Kashyap, Arunima
  • Kazi, M. Mukhtiar
  • Kennedy, K.A.R.
  • Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark
  • Khan, Aurangzeb
  • Kim, Yong Jun
  • Kimbrough, C. K.
  • Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor
  • Knox, J. Robert
  • Krigbaum, John
  • Krishnan, K.
  • Kumar, Manmohan
  • Lancelotti, Carla
  • Laursen, Steffen Terp
  • Law, Randall
  • Lazzari, A.
  • Leach, Alexandra
  • Lee, , W. J.
  • Lemmen, Carsten
  • Lentz, David L.
  • Lightfoot, E.
  • Lombardo, Giovanni
  • Lovell, Nancy
  • Lukacs, John R.
  • Mackay, Dorothy
  • Mackay, Ernest
  • Madella, Marco
  • Mahadevan, Iravatham
  • Mahajan, Sangeeta
  • Majid, Jaseera C.
  • Malik, Arun
  • Mandal, D.
  • Manjul, Arvin
  • Manjul, Sanjay Kumar
  • Manuel, Mark
  • Mariottini, Maurizio
  • Mark, Darren F.
  • Mason, Philippa J.
  • Mazuy, Arnaud
  • Meadow, Richard H.
  • Meiggs, David
  • Mery, Sophie
  • Michniak, Ryszard
  • Mille, Benoit
  • Miller, Heather M.L.
  • Miller, Heidi J.
  • Mishra, Vimal
  • Misra, V. D.
  • Misra, V. N.
  • Mitra, Debasis
  • Mohanty, R. K.
  • Moraleda-Cibrián, Nuria
  • Moulherat, Christophe
  • Mughal, M. Rafique
  • Mukhopadhyay, Bahata Ansumali
  • Muller, Wolfgang
  • Munshi, Avadreep
  • Murray, Andrew S.
  • Mushrif-Tripathy, V.
  • Mutin, Benjamin
  • Nakai, Izumi
  • Narasimhan, Vagheesh M
  • Nava, Allessia
  • Negrino, Fabio
  • Neumayer, Erwin
  • News, Dawn
  • Nisbet, Renato
  • T. C. O'Connell
  • Tamsin C. O'Connell
  • Oh, Chang Seok
  • Oldijam, Eric
  • Orengo, Hector A.
  • Otarola-Castillo, Erik
  • Pal, Dipak C.
  • Pal, J.N.
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  • Panyam, Amrithavalli
  • Parikh, Danika
  • Parpola, Asko
  • Patel, Ambika
  • Patterson, Nick J
  • Paul, Debajyoti
  • Pendall, Elise
  • Petrie, Cameron A.
  • Pisan, Alessandra
  • Possehl, Gregory L.
  • Prabhakar, V. N.
  • Pracejus, Bernhard
  • Price, T. Douglas
  • Priori, Gianfranco
  • Quinn, P. S.
  • Quivron, Gonzague
  • Raczek, Teresa R.
  • Rahmstorf, Lorenz
  • Rajagopalan, Balaji
  • Rajesh, S.V.
  • Rao, Rajesh P. N.
  • Ratnagar, Shereen
  • Reade, Julian
  • Reddy, Seetha N.
  • Regert, Martine
  • Rizvi, Uzma Z.
  • Robinson, Andrew
  • Rogersdotter, Elke
  • Roux, P. le
  • Salvatori, Sandro
  • Sankhyan, A. R.
  • Schug, Gwen Robbins
  • Schug, Malcolm
  • Schuldenrein, Joseph
  • Sengupta, Shamashis
  • Sharma, Bhanu Prakash
  • Sharma, G.R.
  • Sher, G. M.
  • Shin, Dong Hoon
  • Shinde, Vasant
  • Shirataki, Junko
  • Shirvalkar, Prabodh
  • Sidoti, Giancarlo
  • Singh, Ajit
  • Singh, Ravindra N.
  • Sinha, Rajiv
  • Sinha, Sitabhra
  • Siviero, Anna
  • Smith, Monica L.
  • Solanki, Hiren
  • Sonawane, V. H.
  • Spataro, Michela
  • Spate, Michael
  • Starnini, Elisabetta
  • Strolin, Laura
  • Sucuoglu, Can
  • Sugandhi, Namita S.
  • Suryanarayan, Akshyeta
  • Tengberg, Margareta
  • Thirumalai, Kaustubh
  • Thomsen, Kristina J.
  • Thornton, Christopher P.
  • Tombret, Olivier
  • Tosi, M.
  • Toyoma, Kanac
  • Tufail, Kaiser
  • Turner, A. Keith
  • Uesugi, Akinori
  • Vahia, Mayank
  • Valentine, Benjamin
  • Varma, Supriya
  • Veesar, G. Mohiuddin
  • Verardi, Giovanni
  • Vermaak, Petrus S.
  • Vidale, Massimo
  • Villanueva, Joan
  • Villasana, Isabell
  • Vreeze, Michel de
  • Waele, An De
  • Waghmare, Pranjali
  • Walker, Joanna R.
  • Wankowski, Jacek
  • Weber, Steve
  • Weeks, Lloyd
  • Williams, Kimberly D.
  • Woo, Eun Jin
  • Wright, Rita P.
  • Xu, Huifang
  • Yadav, Nisha
  • Yadav, Yogesh
  • Yamahana, Kyoko
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  • Zahir, Muhammad
  • Zazzo, Antoine
  • Zhang, Guilin
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