Harappa One Kilometer Roadsign
A one kilometer to Harappa road sign in Urdu with Mound AB in the distance.
Harappa, Punjab ancient Indus civilization excavations, figurines, seals and other objects.
General View of Mound F from SE before excavation
"The mound was covered with potsherds and brick bats, but no brick foundations were visible anywhere that might have served as a starting point."
- Daya Ram Sahni, Annual Progress Report of the Archaeological Survey [of India], Hindu and Buddhist
Harappa Archaeological Site Topography
Photograph of Mound AB.
There also appears to be a smaller mound that is present at the modern Harappa town site. This could be a modern representation of the processes that built ancient Harappa.
Interaction networks of the Ravi Phase
Arrows extend from Harappa to likely source areas for raw materials such as agate, lapis lazuli, steatite, marine shell and copper. These raw materials were transformed into ornaments and tools at Harappa for local trade.
The Ravi Phase denotes a
William Belcher in Harappa
I currently work as a forensic anthropologist and archaeologist for the U.S. government. I am also the Assistant Field Director of the Harappa Archaeological Research Project (HARP) in central Punjab, Pakistan.
Harappa Comparative Chronology (1940)
Mound/Area
Period
Strata
Date
Late I
Late II
Late III
Ist to IIIrd
Circa 2750 B.C. to 3050 B.C.
Intermediate I
Intermediate II
Intermediate III
Intermediate IV
IVth to VIIth
Circa 3050 B.C. to 3500 B.C.
Early I
VIIIth
First half of the
Plan view of the so-called "granary" at Harappa
Plan view of the so-called "granary" or "parallel-wall structure" on Mound F at Harappa indicating areas of HARP excavations conducted in 1997 and 1999. Note that the structural remains surrounding the "granary" are, for the most part, later than the
Mound F Site Map
A close view of the plan for Mound F (where the so-called "Great Granary" is located) at Harappa from Madho Sarop Vats, Excavations at Harappa, Delhi, 1940, pp.
Harappa Mound E
Panoramic view of Mound E with modern Harappa town at the far left. In the center are excavation areas from 1987-1990. At the right is the area of Trench 54, excavated in 2000, that exposes the earliest levels of the ancient Harappan Period city.
Ox- or water buffalo-drawn cart with driver from Harappa
Terracotta figurines have long been considered toys, often without question.