Maps

The paleotopography represents the pre-occupation topography as it may have existed about 5000 years ago. There may be some areas in the paleotopographic model that may not represent the actual paleotopography, but rather subsequent anthropogenic in… >

This map shows the networks that connected urban centers such as Mohenjo-daro and Harappa during the Harppan Period (2600-2000 BC) with their hinterlands and distant resource areas.In addition to these two cities, other known urban centers include D… >

Plan view of the east side of Mound E and the west side of Mound ET showing areas excavated between 1993 and 2001 (Trenches 9, 10, 11). The massive perimeter wall of Mound E encloses architectural remains of Harappa phase Periods 3B and 3C and proba… >

Using maps and cross-sections of the cultural deposits from HARP, surfaces were generated to represent the interfaces of cultural layers in the mounds at Harappa. This represents the growth of the city of ancient Harappa vertically and through time… >

This map shows the major cultural interaction regions c. 1900-1300 BC: Cemetery H in the north, Jhukar in the south and Rangpur in Gujarat. During this period there were still urban centers in the Punjab and Sindh, but there was a breakdown in trade… >

Cross-sections inside (top) and outside (bottom) of perimeter wall [250]. The wall itself, being of mud-brick, was heavily eroded, sometimes to a lower elevation than the adjoining more densely packed street debris. As can be seen in the bottom cros… >

Period 2 deposits represent a transition phase between pre urban and urban phases and exist primarily beneath Mound E. >

The earliest settlement, during Period 1 (c. 3300-2800 BC), was on the west side of Mound AB and NW corner of Mound E. During Period 2 (c. 2800-2600 BC) all of Mounds AB and E came to be occupied, and by the end of Period 3 (c. 2600-1900 BC), the Ha… >

Plan view of the portion of perimeter wall [250] excavated in 2001. The pattern of the bricks suggests a complicated series of additions to the inside of the structure that are not yet well understood. There may have been a gateway at the northweste… >

Period 3A deposits, representing an early urban phase, exist beneath Mounds E and also show expansion onto the area beneath Mound AB. Growth in the city of Harappa is shown to be both lateral and vertical. >