Unfinished shell bangles
Complete raw shell Turbinella pyrum (right and left) and a pile of unfinished shell bangles (center).
Manufacturing related sites and debris from ancient Indus sites.
Unfinished shell circlets with grinding stone
Unfinished shell circlets with grinding stone in the front.
Unfinished shell bangles
Unfinished shell bangles in the shell workshop, Gola Dhoro.
Lower town of Lothal
The bead factories, situated where the 8th street of the commercial area and the 5th street of the residential area meet, comprised the main industry of the Harappans.
VS Area, Section A. Block I, House II: Room 23, showing brick floor with dyeing troughs
[Original 1931 caption] "House II. - Rooms 1 to 26, covering a rectangular area of 86 ft. 10 in. by 64 ft. 5 in.
Excavating Ravi phase bead debris
J. Mark Kenoyer assisted by Peter Eltsov carefully uncover and mark Ravi phase bead manufacturing debris in preparation for mapping and photography.
Ravi phase microdebitage
Ravi phase bead manufacturing debris includes extremely fine microdebitage as well as flakes and drills (marked with the green flag).
Harappa excavators
After marking, the entire excavation team is called in to map and eventually collect the bead manufacturing debris and all of the sediment from each layer of Ravi phase floors.
Ravi phase steatite microbeads
Tiny steatite microbeads (less than 1mm in diameter) such as those seen here were probably perforated with a sharpened copper wire, while stone drills with larger tips were used for carnelian, lapis, and amazonite beads.
Ravi phase raw materials
Flakes of various shades of agate, carnelian, jasper, chert, and lapis lazuli indicate the range of raw materials being processed in this part of Harappa during the Ravi phase.