Pipal leaf impression
The impressions of a pipal leaf found in the upper clay levels of the drain (shown here with a modern pipal leaf) indicate that what many think was a sacred tree even at that time was growing in the ancient city of Harappa.
Storm Water Drain, Dholavira
A water management system using storm water drainage. The storm water drain in the picture is located in the citadel and connected to an arterial one on the south of the Citadel.
Lothal: Sanitary drainage at the acropolis
The most unique aspect of planning during the Indus Valley civilization was the system of underground drainage. The main sewer, 1.5 meters deep and 91 cm across, connected to many north-south and east-west sewers.
Lothal Drainage system
An elaborate sanitary and drainage system, a hallmark of ancient Indus cities, is in evidence everywhere at Lothal.
Corbeled drain and Mound ET gateway, Harappa
Corbeled drain at Mound ET gateway (3-D reconstruction and artist's conception).
Mound ET Gateway with corbeled drain, Harappa
Mound ET Southern Gateway excavated in 1995 with corbeled drain (3-D reconstruction and artist's conception).
Large Drain, Mound AB, Harappa
The foreground well is only one of eight wells, public and private, that have thus far been discovered at Harappa. Most of the water used by the population probably came from the adjacent Ravi River.
The Central Area of Mound A/AB, Harappa
The central area of Mound A/AB was continuosly rebuilt in ancient times. Behind the curved wall is a well and below it what may have been a public bathing area.
Indus Valley Street with Covered Drain
Indus Valley Street with covered drain on the right, Mohenjo-daro, Sindh.
Modern house with Well and Drains, Sehwan, Sindh
The old part of the city of Sehwan, Sindh, is built on a high mound of the earlier buried city, much like ancient Mohenjo-daro. A neighborhood well is located alongside the street that has an open drain. A private courtyard is shaded by a date palm.
