Excavation History

Ravi Phase and Kot Diji Phase Occupations On the northern part of Mound AB (Figure 1) excavations in 1996 were undertaken in both the Ravi (Hakra) Phase (Period 1: 3300-2800 BCE) and the Kot Diji Phase (Period 2: 2800-2600 BCE) occupation levels. In 1998 - 2000 a much larger horizontal exposure was made of both Ravi and Kot Diji levels. During the Ravi and Kot Diji Phases v… >

Harappa Phase Occupation: Chronology and Fortification Wall Since 1986, excavations of the Harappa Phase occupations (2600-1900 BCE), have been conducted on all of the major mounds and in low lying areas between the mounds and along their peripheries (Figure 1). On the basis of these studies, it is possible to determine the overall size of the city at over 150 hectares and … >

Harappa Phase Occupation: Granary or Great Hall One of the most famous buildings at Harappa is the so-called "Great Granary" (Trench II) that was first excavated under the supervision of Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni and Madho Sarup Vats between 1921 and 1929 (Vats 1940). Excavations during three seasons (1997 to 1999) were undertaken at three corners of the "granary" or Great… >

Harappa Phase Occupation: Circular Working Platforms and Mound E, Southwest The circular working platforms located to the south of the "granary" or Great Hall are also among the best known features at Harappa. During his excavations, Vats identified 17 circular brick platforms (Vats 1940:19ff) and in 1946 Wheeler excavated an 18th example (Wheeler 1947). Earlier interpretat… >

Late Harappa Phase, Conclusion, and References Harappa is perhaps the only urban center where it has been possible to trace the transition from the Harappan to the Late Harappan (Cemetery H) period. Most of our information on this period comes from early excavations in Cemetery H (Vats 1940) and from disturbed occupation deposits containing fragmentary walls, drains, and p… >

The site of Chak 90-12L is one of the larger sites found along the Beas, at 7.5 hectares. Figure 8. It is surrounded by housing and cultivated fields and has undergone significant modification since the time of its first discovery by the PAS and the two visits the Beas team made to the site. Tractors are the principal earth moving device. During our first visit we noted cl… >

"The place is now of no importance : but extensive ruins and mounds, one of which rises to the height of sixty feet, indicate that the case was otherwise in ancient times and it has yielded thousands of coins of the ‘‘ Indo-Scythians and their successors." >

"About fifty miles eastward of Toolumba, I passed inland for four miles to examine the ruins of an ancient city, called Harapa. The remains are extensive, and the place, which has been built of brick, is about three miles in circumference." >

"The ruins of Harapa are the most extensive of all the old sites along the banks of the Ravi. On the north, the west, and the south, there is a continuous line of mounds about 3,500 feet in length." >

"Another seal, apparently in the same writing, was obtained on November 21st, 1884, by Mr. J. Harvey, Inspector of Schools, Multan. This seal is of a drab-coloured smooth stone, perfectly flat on the engraved side and rounded at the back." >