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Essays on the archaeological exploration and excavation history of ancient Indus Valley sites including Harappa, Mohenjo-daro and Gola Dhoro.

Recent Indus Discoveries and Highlights from Excavations at Harappa 1998-2000

Richard H. Meadow
Jonathan Mark Kenoyer

The Harappa Archaeological Research Project's excavations at Harappa have yielded new troves of information about ancient Indus life, craft production, and preceding cultures like the Ravi Phase. >

The Archaeology of Southeastern Balochistan

Ute Franke-Vogt

An exciting look at the western side of the ancient Indus civilization, where new cultures and surprises await that indicate how well developed surrounding cultures to the major Indus areas were. Baluchistan is Pakistan's largest province (1). It is marked by a rugged, highly differentiated environment with many different habitats (2). The Makran Range in the south divi… >

ASI 1921 Report

"The first major series of publications [John] Marshall instituted in the very beginning of his career [as Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, ASI] was the Annual Reports, published first in 1902-3 under the title Archaeological Survey of India: Annual Report 1902-3 (Calcutta, 1904)" writes Dilip K. Chakrabarti in his book A Histor… >

Introduction to Discovery at Harappa

Harappa.com

"The real heroes of this story of the discovery of the Indus civilization were such individuals–a discerning archaeologist like Sahni and a brilliant one like Banerji, who had within a few years of each other uncovered the relics entombed in Harappa and Mohenjo-daro respectively." >

First Explorers: Charles Masson, 1829

Harappa.com

"A long march preceded our arrival at Haripah, through jangal of the closest description. East of the village was an abundance of luxuriant grass, where, along with many others, I went to allow my nag to graze. When I joined the camp I found it in front of the village and ruinous brick castle." >

The 2nd Season at Harappa led by Daya Ram Sahni 1923-24

Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni continued another season of excavations at Harappa in the winter of 1923-24. A summary report of the explorations was published in 1926 in the Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India 1923-24. John Marshall, who was the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, wrote the introduction to this section on the Harappa and Mohenjo… >

The 3rd Season at Harappa led by Daya Ram Sahni 1924-25

Above: Daya Ram Sahni on Mound AB at Harappa 1924-25 Season The 1924-25 excavations at Harappa, together with those that year at Mohenjodaro, were considered of “preliminary character but with most promising results” (Marshall 1927: 60). They followed the publication, on 20 September 1924, of Sir John’s announcement of the finds of ‘an unknown ‘prehistoric past in … >

Sir Alexander Burnes, 1831

"About fifty miles eastward of Toolumba, I passed inland for four miles to examine the ruins of an ancient city, called Harapa. The remains are extensive, and the place, which has been built of brick, is about three miles in circumference." >

Sir Alexander Cunningham, 1853-1873

"The ruins of Harapa are the most extensive of all the old sites along the banks of the Ravi. On the north, the west, and the south, there is a continuous line of mounds about 3,500 feet in length." >

M. Longworth Dames, 1884-1886

"Another seal, apparently in the same writing, was obtained on November 21st, 1884, by Mr. J. Harvey, Inspector of Schools, Multan. This seal is of a drab-coloured smooth stone, perfectly flat on the engraved side and rounded at the back." >

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