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Excavation History

Essays on the archaeological exploration and excavation history of ancient Indus Valley sites including Harappa, Mohenjo-daro and Gola Dhoro.

The 2nd Season at Harappa led by Daya Ram Sahni 1923-24

Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni continued another season of excavations at Harappa in the winter of 1923-24. A summary report of the explorations was published in 1926 in the Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India 1923-24. John Marshall, who was the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, wrote the introduction to this section on the Harappa and Mohenjo… >

The 3rd Season at Harappa led by Daya Ram Sahni 1924-25

Above: Daya Ram Sahni on Mound AB at Harappa 1924-25 Season The 1924-25 excavations at Harappa, together with those that year at Mohenjodaro, were considered of “preliminary character but with most promising results” (Marshall 1927: 60). They followed the publication, on 20 September 1924, of Sir John’s announcement of the finds of ‘an unknown ‘prehistoric past in … >

Recent Indus Discoveries and Highlights from Excavations at Harappa 1998-2000

Richard H. Meadow
Jonathan Mark Kenoyer

The Harappa Archaeological Research Project's excavations at Harappa have yielded new troves of information about ancient Indus life, craft production, and preceding cultures like the Ravi Phase. >

The Archaeology of Southeastern Balochistan

Ute Franke-Vogt

An exciting look at the western side of the ancient Indus civilization, where new cultures and surprises await that indicate how well developed surrounding cultures to the major Indus areas were. Baluchistan is Pakistan's largest province (1). It is marked by a rugged, highly differentiated environment with many different habitats (2). The Makran Range in the south divi… >

ASI 1921 Report

"The first major series of publications [John] Marshall instituted in the very beginning of his career [as Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, ASI] was the Annual Reports, published first in 1902-3 under the title Archaeological Survey of India: Annual Report 1902-3 (Calcutta, 1904)" writes Dilip K. Chakrabarti in his book A Histor… >

Introduction to Discovery at Harappa

Harappa.com

"The real heroes of this story of the discovery of the Indus civilization were such individuals–a discerning archaeologist like Sahni and a brilliant one like Banerji, who had within a few years of each other uncovered the relics entombed in Harappa and Mohenjo-daro respectively." >

First Explorers: Charles Masson, 1829

Harappa.com

"A long march preceded our arrival at Haripah, through jangal of the closest description. East of the village was an abundance of luxuriant grass, where, along with many others, I went to allow my nag to graze. When I joined the camp I found it in front of the village and ruinous brick castle." >

Recent Indus Discoveries and Highlights from Excavations at Harappa 1998-2000

Richard H. Meadow
Jonathan Mark Kenoyer

Harappa Phase Occupation: Circular Working Platforms and Mound E, Southwest The circular working platforms located to the south of the "granary" or Great Hall are also among the best known features at Harappa. During his excavations, Vats identified 17 circular brick platforms (Vats 1940:19ff) and in 1946 Wheeler excavated an 18th example (Wheeler 1947). Earlier interpretat… >

Recent Indus Discoveries and Highlights from Excavations at Harappa 1998-2000

Richard H. Meadow
Jonathan Mark Kenoyer

Late Harappa Phase, Conclusion, and References Harappa is perhaps the only urban center where it has been possible to trace the transition from the Harappan to the Late Harappan (Cemetery H) period. Most of our information on this period comes from early excavations in Cemetery H (Vats 1940) and from disturbed occupation deposits containing fragmentary walls, drains, and p… >

The Site of Chak 90-12L

Rita P. Wright
Joseph Shuldenrein
M. Rafique Mughal

The site of Chak 90-12L is one of the larger sites found along the Beas, at 7.5 hectares. Figure 8. It is surrounded by housing and cultivated fields and has undergone significant modification since the time of its first discovery by the PAS and the two visits the Beas team made to the site. Tractors are the principal earth moving device. During our first visit we noted cl… >

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