From the earliest bone seal fragment discovered at Harappa, from 4000 BCE to the varied, diverse seals of around 2500 BCE to the later, fewer ones after 1900 BCE, Jonathan Mark Kenoyer discusses styles and technologies in a long seal-making tradition. SEM analysis, replications, regional comparisons and more cover the breadth and depth of seal making in the ancient world, with a focus on tools, methods and materials like diamonds used to make seals.

A finely illustrated talk from the 2021 South Asian Studies Conference at the University of Madison, Wisconsin.