Dr. Kenoyer writes (Ancient Cities, p. 120):

"Many carved objects from the Indus cities are made of valuable materials such as shell or ivory, and may have been used in ritual games or the pastimes of wealthy city dwell- ers. Carved shell balls may have been rolled onto a square or depression (see cat. no. 112). Dice made from bone, shell, or terracotta were probably used in games of chance similar to those played throughout the subcontinent today (fig. 6.40, see cat. no. 113 [another example]). Other bone and ivory counters with circles and lines, carved in ways that do not correspond to dice, may have been used for predicting the future (fig. 6.41). Long bar-shaped dice (see cat. no. 113) are still used in Pakistan and India to play the game of pacheesi or chaupat, which may date as early as 1500 Bc.. In this game, two to four players move pieces around the cross-shaped board, blocking and attacking each other until one player brings all his pieces safely "home." Cubical dice (fig. 6.40) are traditionally used to play the game of snakes and ladders, where ladders allow the player to climb to the heavens and snakes swallow the player and deposit him back in the world or underworld. Both games have important ritual significance but are usually played by children and adults for enjoyment or gambling. These complex gaming boards are traditionally made with painted or embroidered cloth, which would not be preserved for the archaeological record."

See also this die found at Harappa, and more dice examples.