Aerial View of Mundigak
"Jean-Marie [Casal] pointed. 'There in front you see Siah Sang Pass—that is, Black Stone Pass.'
"We had turned north towards a line of low, black mountains splashed with one white patch.
Surrounding salt plains
Gola Dhoro, Bagasra, gateway looking northwest over surrounding salt plains from the top of the mound.
Harappa One Kilometer Roadsign
A one kilometer to Harappa road sign in Urdu with Mound AB in the distance.
Trench 39 South
Excavations in Trench 39 South on Mound AB in 1996 revealed an extensive deposit of the Kot Diji phase occupation dating to between 2800 and 2600 BC. A geometric button seal (38) was found in the upper part of this rectangular Trench 39 South.
Harappa Trench 39S
Looking up from the bottom of Trench 39S one can see habitation levels spanning over 500 years from approximately 3300 BCE at the bottom to 2800 BCE at the top.
Sunrise over Mohenjo-daro
The winter sun rises over the site while the mist clings to the mounds.
Mohenjo-daro "Citadel" Mound and Stupa
The eroded edges of the "citadel" mounds are covered with red brick dust and pottery, with traces of lighter mud brick revealing the underlying platforms that form the foundations of the uppermost buildings.
Original Mound Paleotopography
The paleotopography represents the pre-occupation topography as it may have existed about 5000 years ago.
Farmlands to the west of Mohenjo-daro
West of the "citadel" mound are lush farmlands watered by modern irrigation channels. A levee protecting the site from annual floods divides the irrigated land from the salt encrusted sediments surrounding the ancient site.
Ravi Phase Pit
During the Ravi Phase (circa 3300-2800 BCE) the earliest inhabitants lived in huts made of wooden posts probably covered with reeds and clay. They stored grain and other foodstuffs in small bell shaped pits that were plastered with fine clay.