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Citadel

Ancient Indus Valley and related civilization citadel excavations

"Citadel" of late 3rd mill Kanri Buthi, Bahlol Valley

  • Citadel of late 3rd mill Kanri Buthi, Bahlol Valley

"Citadel" of late 3rd mill Kanri Buthi, Bahlol Valley. >

Lower Town in the mist

  • Mohenjo-daro Lower Town in the mist

On an early winter morning the mist settles in the low-lying areas of Mohenjo daro between the "citadel" and the "lower town". In the distance the heavy mist on the Indus River forms a solid white line. The mounds of the "lower town" are barely visi… >

Group of towers at the south-eastern corner of the Citadel, Mohenjo-daro [117]

  • Group of towers at the south-eastern corner of the Citadel, Mohenjo-daro

ACC - Citadel Gateway Southeast Overview of excavated remains of the so-called city wall and gateway at the southeast edge of the citadel mound at Mohenjo-daro. This structure was interpreted as a postern gate, with associated rooms and massive f… >

Mohenjo-daro "Citadel" mound and Stupa in the mist

  • Mohenjo-daro Citadel mound and Stupa in the mist

Local villagers cross the site in a donkey cart in the early morning mist, with the Buddhist stupa perched on top of the "citadel" mound. The modern road winds through the low-lying area between the "citadel" and "lower town." >

Mohenjo-daro Citadel Gateway [110]

  • Mohenjo-daro Citadel Gateway

ACC - Citadel Gateway Southeast Room associated with the massive fired brick walls at the southeastern corner of the Citadel Mound. Wheeler identified this structure as a fortification wall and postern gate. No. 110 also 1114… >

Mohenjo-daro "Citadel" Mound and Stupa

  • Mohenjo-daro "Citadel" Mound and Stupa

The eroded edges of the "citadel" mounds are covered with red brick dust and pottery, with traces of lighter mud brick revealing the underlying platforms that form the foundations of the uppermost buildings. This mound is encircled by a massive mud-… >

Mohenjo-daro Citadel Gateway Excavations [112]

  • Mohenjo-daro Citadel Gateway Excavations

ACC - Citadel Gateway Southeast Excavations of the gateway area viewed from the southeast, looking northwest. The brick walls and rooms have been fully exposed. See slide 26Q for a view from the north. No. 112 >

Farmlands to the west of Mohenjo-daro

  • Farmlands to the west of Mohenjo-daro

West of the "citadel" mound are lush farmlands watered by modern irrigation channels. A levee protecting the site from annual floods divides the irrigated land from the salt encrusted sediments surrounding the ancient site. The high salinity of the … >

Mohenjo Daro Lower Town: VS Area

  • Mohenjo Daro Lower Town: VS Area

A view of the houses and streets in VS area, with the citadel and stupa mound in the background. The tops of eroding buildings have been capped with a protective layer of mud brick that will help to soak up the efflorescent salts and protect the und… >

Mohenjo-daro Lower Town: HR area and Stupa

  • Mohenjo-daro Lower Town: HR area and Stupa

This general view of houses in HR area shows the color of the brick walls prior to use of mud brick and clay slurry for conservation. The lower parts of the walls have the natural reddish color of fired brick. >

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