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Ancient Indus Valley civilization beads.

Different types of beads

The ancient Harappans went to great efforts to obtain exotic colored stones for making beads of different shapes and sizes. >

Carnelian beads with white lines

This carnelian bead has been artificially colored with white lines and circles using a special bleaching technique developed by the ancient Harappans. >

Mullah Ashur grinding beads

The technique for making tiny beads is still practiced by craftsmen today. Mullah Ashoor from Peshawar is seen grinding a string of tiny steatite beads that will later be fired to make them hard >

Ravi phase beads

From different levels of the Ravi phase come these terracotta beads (center string) and hard stone beads made from carnelian, amazonite, and lapis lazuli. >

Ravi phase microbeads

Ravi phase microbeads of lapis lazuli (top row), amazonite, and carnelian (bottom row) indicate the size and nature of the drills used for perforation. The largest of the illustrated beads is less than one centimeter in diameter. >

Burial of adult man, Harappa

The body may have been wrapped in a shroud, and was then placed inside a wooden coffin, which was entombed in a rectangular pit surrounded with burial offerings in pottery vessels. The man was buried wearing a long necklace of 340 graduated steatite… >

Ravi phase carnelian bead blanks

Chipped carnelian bead blanks indicate that the initial stages of bead manufacture were taking place in this part of the Ravi phase settlement. >

Steatite beads

These tiny steatite beads were found in the Harappan cemetery and come from an elaborate hair ornament worn by a male individual. Each bead is less than .01 cm long and less than .01 cm diameter. A human hair is shown to give an idea of the minute s… >

Excavating Ravi phase bead debris

J. Mark Kenoyer assisted by Peter Eltsov carefully uncover and mark Ravi phase bead manufacturing debris in preparation for mapping and photography. >

Terra cotta bead necklace

This terra cotta bead necklace with two strands of long biconical beads dates to the Ravi Phase (c. 3300 BCE). >

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