William Belcher in Harappa
I currently work as a forensic anthropologist and archaeologist for the U.S. government. I am also the Assistant Field Director of the Harappa Archaeological Research Project (HARP) in central Punjab, Pakistan.
Harappa, Punjab ancient Indus civilization excavations, figurines, seals and other objects.
Interaction networks of the Ravi Phase
Arrows extend from Harappa to likely source areas for raw materials such as agate, lapis lazuli, steatite, marine shell and copper. These raw materials were transformed into ornaments and tools at Harappa for local trade.
The Ravi Phase denotes a
Plan view of the so-called "granary" at Harappa
Plan view of the so-called "granary" or "parallel-wall structure" on Mound F at Harappa indicating areas of HARP excavations conducted in 1997 and 1999. Note that the structural remains surrounding the "granary" are, for the most part, later than the
Harappa Comparative Chronology (1940)
Mound/Area
Period
Strata
Date
Late I
Late II
Late III
Ist to IIIrd
Circa 2750 B.C. to 3050 B.C.
Intermediate I
Intermediate II
Intermediate III
Intermediate IV
IVth to VIIth
Circa 3050 B.C. to 3500 B.C.
Early I
VIIIth
First half of the
Mound F Site Map
A close view of the plan for Mound F (where the so-called "Great Granary" is located) at Harappa from Madho Sarop Vats, Excavations at Harappa, Delhi, 1940, pp.
Changing Settlement at Harappa
The earliest settlement, during Period 1 (c. 3300-2800 BC), was on the west side of Mound AB and NW corner of Mound E. During Period 2 (c. 2800-2600 BC) all of Mounds AB and E came to be occupied, and by the end of Period 3 (c.
A group of terracotta figurines from Harappa
After many decades of research, the Indus Civilization is still something of an enigma -- an ancient civilization with a writing system that still awaits convincing decipherment, monumental architecture whose function still eludes us, no monumental
Harappa Mound AB From Crop Fields
Mound AB, whose origins actually go back five and a half thousands years to 3500 BCE, seen from the rich crop fields that surround many ancient Indus cities including Mohenjo-daro and Dholavira.
Harappa in the 1820s
Above: Animal on Burial Jar from Harappa
"A long march preceded our arrival at Haripah, through jangal of the closest description.
Mound AB, Ravi phase
View of Harappa Mound AB Trench 39N from the North showing the earliest Ravi [Aspect of the Hakra] phase occupation levels (Period IA, ca. 3300 BC). These levels revealed traces of post molds from houses that were oriented N-S/E-W.