Evolution

The Amri Chalcolithic Phase in Sindh (Pakistan): What We know and What We Should Know

Very little is known about the so-called "Amri Phase," as this author refers to an apparently pre-Indus civilization site in Sindh that dates to the 4th millennium BCE.

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A Peaceful Realm? Trauma and social differentiation at Harappa

Gwen Robbins Schug

An analysis of a skeletal collection from Harappa contradicts the dehumanizing, unrealistic myth of the Indus Civilization as an exceptionally peaceful prehistoric urban civilization.

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The Prehistory of Sindh and Las Bela (Balochistan): Thirty years of surveys and excavations (1985-2014)

Paolo Biagi

It has really only been since the 1980s that a more comprehensive picture of the wide and deep roots of Indus civilization in the larger Sindh and Balochistan region have become apparent. Mehrgarh did not spring out of nowhere but was embedded in a region where fishing, shell collecting, flint mining and other crafts were present and flourishing at different times.

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The Origins of the Indus Civilization

M. Rafique Mughal

As Dr. Rafique Mughal leads the first major excavation at the site of Ganweriwala in the Cholistan desert – an exceptionally exciting development in ancient Indus archaeology – it is well worth reviewing his earlier papers, many of which were published in Pakistani archaeological journals forty or more years ago.

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Reconstructing the History of Harappan Civilization

Mayank Vahia

A detailed analysis of the evolution of Indus Civilization based on a compilation of the latest scientific data by experts.

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The ‘High-West: Low-East’ Dichotomy of Indus Cities: A Dravidian Paradigm

R. Balakrishnan

A fascinating, well-documented article on Indus city layouts and linguistic paradigms.

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Control Mechanisms in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, the Aegean and Central Europe, c. 2600–2000 BC, and the Question of Social Power in Early Complex Societies

Lorenz Rahmstorf

"In the study of the archaeology of early complex societies in archaeology three questions concerning power are of interest: (1) Who had power? (2) Why did they have power? And (3) How was power exercised? "

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Holocene people and sea-level changes along the northern coast of the Arabian Sea (Pakistan)

Paolo Biagi

This paper develops a key theme relating to the origins of the ancient Indus civilization – the very different geographical reality in the Indus delta and the Arabian coast in the millennia preceding its rise.

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Cultures and Societies of the Indus Tradition

Jonathan Mark Kenoyer

A refutation of some of the so-called "factoids" about the ancient Indus Civilization, from an Aryan invasion to the violent overrunning of Mohenjo-daro in an essay that describes the various cultural and societal systems that underlie this Bronze Age culture.

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Infection, Disease, and Biosocial Processes at the End of the Indus Civilization

Infection Disease and Biological Processes at the End of the Indus Civilization

Gwen Robbins Schug

A paper assessing evidence for paleopathology to infer the biological consequences of climate change and socio-economic disruption in the post-urban period at Harappa, one of the largest urban centers in the Indus Civilization.

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