Ancient Harappa in 3D
A computer visualization of the ancient Indus Valley city of Harappa in based on M.S. Vat's excavations at the site in the late 1920s.
By Wayne Belcher. Based on the Harappa Archaeological Research Project (HARP) excavations in the 1980s and 1990s.
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1. Harappa Archaeological Site Topography Photograph of Mound AB. There also appears to be a smaller mound that is present at the modern Harappa town site. This could be a modern representation of the processes that built ancient Harappa… |
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2. Mound E/ET Gateway Area Reconstruction The gateway area is located at the southeast corner of Mound E and is part of a mudbrick perimeter wall that was first recognized in 1990. The bastion area consists of a Period 3B (2450-2200 B.C.)… |
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3. Mound E Gateway Reconstruction Using interpretations presented in Meadow and others (1995), a reconstruction of the bastion/gateway area was completed in EarthVision. The computer reconstructions were based on an artistic… |
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4. Mound E/ET Gateway on Southern Wall The structures located at the southeastern corner of Mound E consists of a complex of massive baked brick/mud brick walls and baked brick drain complex. This series of structures is set between the… |
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5. Mound E Gateway Reconstruction The overall gateway structure, including the street and side drains is bonded at either edge (east and west) by massive mud brick bastions, representing the Mound E and Mound ET perimeter walls. The… |
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6. Mound E Gateway Artists Conception Photograph of gateway excavations, 1995. A series of side rooms were also excavated along the eastem edge of the gateway in 1995. The latest phase of construction also included a large east-west… |
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7. Original Mound Paleotopography The paleotopography represents the pre-occupation topography as it may have existed about 5000 years ago. There may be some areas in the paleotopographic model that may not represent the actual… |
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8. Period I Cultural Stratigraphy Using maps and cross-sections of the cultural deposits from HARP, surfaces were generated to represent the interfaces of cultural layers in the mounds at Harappa. This represents the growth of the… |
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9. Period II Cultural Stratigraphy Period 2 deposits represent a transition phase between pre urban and urban phases and exist primarily beneath Mound E. |
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10. Period IIIA Cultural Stratigraphy Period 3A deposits, representing an early urban phase, exist beneath Mounds E and also show expansion onto the area beneath Mound AB. Growth in the city of Harappa is shown to be both lateral and… |
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11. Period IIIBC Paleotopography Period 3B and 3C deposits essentially cover the entire modeled area and represent the greatest extent of the ancient urban center. J. M. Kenoyer has developed a model describing some of the… |
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12. Period IV-V Paleotopography Periods 4 and 5, representing a modification of cultural styles, exist at the tops of Mounds AB and E. |
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13. Periods I-V Stratigraphic Cross-Section Period IV-V 1900-1700 B.C. Period IIIBC 2450-1900 B.C.Period IIIA 2600-2450 B.C.Period II 2800-2600 B.C.Period I 3300-2800 B.C. Pre-Occupation before 3300 B.C. The purpose of this… |
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14. Author : Dr. Wayne Belcher Dr. Wayne Belcher is a hydrologist with federal government in Las Vegas, Nevada. He received his Ph.D at the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, CO. He is the author of numerous articles on the… |